Snow load on shelters – consider these factors

Snow load is a significant factor in the design and construction of shelters, such as bicycle shelters, bus stop shelters, and break shelters.

In Finland, snow loads can be substantial, and therefore it is important that domestic shelters can withstand them. The most common snow load used in Finland is 250 kg/m².

What does snow load mean?

Snow load refers to the amount of snow accumulated on a roof. Snow load is typically measured in kilograms per square meter (kg/m²). Factors influencing the magnitude of snow load include:

• Geographical location
• Altitude above sea level
• Roof shape and slope
• Snow type and its density

How does snow load affect bicycle shelters and other structures?

Snow load can cause various problems for shelters, such as bicycle shelters, bus stop shelters, and break shelters, including:

• Sagging
• Deformation
• Fatigue of structural components
• In extreme cases, collapse

Flat roofs are particularly vulnerable, as snow easily accumulates on them. Sloping roofs can help shed snow, but their durability must also be carefully designed.

Considering green roofs in snow load calculations

When calculating snow loads for green roofs, the additional weight caused by the growing medium and plants must be considered. A green roof may retain snow longer than a traditional waterproof membrane, which increases the load on structures. Important factors to consider include:

• Water content and weight of the growing medium
• Potential for the snow layer to persist longer than on traditional roofs
• Ensuring sufficient load-bearing capacity for green roofs in winter conditions

Impact of different regions on snow loads in Finland

Snow loads in different regions of Finland vary significantly depending on geographical location. The weight of snow, or its water equivalent, is expressed in kilograms per square meter. The load is usually given in Newtons; 100 kg of snow / m² causes approximately 1000 N = 1 kN of load / m². The magnitude of snow load is particularly influenced by the following factors:

1. Northern Finland: In Lapland and Koillismaa, snow loads are the highest, up to 3.5 kN/m², due to heavy snowfall and low temperatures that prevent snow from melting during winter.

2. Eastern and Central Finland: In the regions of Kainuu, North Savo, and North Karelia, the snow load is 3.0–3.5 kN/m², as these areas receive abundant snowfall and frost keeps the snow in place.

3. Western and Southern Finland: In coastal areas, such as Satakunta and Uusimaa, snow loads are smaller, about 2.0–2.75 kN/m². Proximity to the sea and milder winters cause snow to melt and reduce its accumulation.

4. Southwest Finland and Åland: In these areas, the snow load is the lowest, about 2.0 kN/m², as winters are mild and snowfall is less frequent than elsewhere in Finland.

What to consider in existing shelters?

If a shelter is already under construction or existing, its snow load resistance should be actively monitored. Important measures include:

• Monitoring snow load, especially during snowy winters
• Snow removal if accumulation is significant
• Regular inspection of the structure's condition
• Special monitoring of flat roofs

Further information

For more information on snow load and shelter design, please contact our experts. You can read more about roof snow load warnings on the Rakentaja.fi website. You can view the current snow situation in Finland on the Vesi.fi service. Check the current snow load for your area at: Vesi.fi Map Service.

Summary

Snow load is an important factor to consider in the design and construction of bicycle shelters, bus stop shelters and break shelters. The snow load resistance of existing shelters should be actively monitored.

Choose Lehtovuori shelters if you want peace of mind that the shelter will last. Lehtovuori shelters are CE-marked, and thanks to their modularity, they can be dimensioned to withstand even large snow loads in extreme conditions. Explore Lehtovuori products!